Warner Bros Corporate History
Kinney's Unconventional Entry
From Parking Lots to Pictures
By the late 1960s, the golden age of the Hollywood studio system was a distant memory. Warner Bros., a giant of that era, was struggling. An aging Jack Warner had sold a controlling interest to a Canadian production company called Seven Arts Productions in 1967. The merger created Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, but it was more a marriage of convenience than a strategic masterstroke. The studio was financially vulnerable, and its film slate was inconsistent.
Enter an unlikely savior: Kinney National Services. Run by the charismatic and ambitious Steve Ross, Kinney was a fast-growing conglomerate with a portfolio that included parking lots, office cleaning services, and funeral homes. To the old guard of Hollywood, it was a bizarre match. What did a man who parked cars and buried people know about making movies? Ross, however, saw a unique opportunity. He understood that the steady, predictable income from his other businesses could provide a stable financial base for the volatile, high-risk world of film production.
This business strategy was a hallmark of the 1960s: the rise of the conglomerate. The idea was to bundle unrelated businesses together. If one division had a bad year, profits from the others could cushion the blow. For a movie studio, which could swing from a blockbuster hit to a catastrophic flop in a single year, this kind of financial stability was incredibly appealing. Kinney's parking lots generated consistent cash, a perfect antidote to Hollywood's boom-or-bust cycle.
A New Kind of Studio
In 1969, Kinney National Services acquired Warner Bros.-Seven Arts for about $400 million. The deal was finalized, and the studio, once the personal fiefdom of the Warner family, became a subsidiary of a diversified corporation. Ross immediately began to reshape the company. He renamed the parent company Warner Communications, signaling a broader vision beyond just film.
One of Ross's most critical moves was putting the right people in charge of the creative side. He didn't pretend to be a movie mogul himself. Instead, he hired Ted Ashley, a highly successful talent agent, to run the studio. Ashley's agency, Ashley-Famous, represented some of the biggest stars and directors in Hollywood, including Paul Newman, Jane Fonda, and Sidney Lumet. To avoid conflicts of interest, the agency was sold and Ashley took the helm at Warner Bros.
Ross's philosophy was simple: hire the best creative minds and give them the freedom and financial backing to do their work. He managed the money; they managed the magic.
Under Ashley, the studio was revitalized. He brought in a new generation of filmmakers and greenlit daring projects that the old guard might have rejected. Films like "A Clockwork Orange" (1971), "The Exorcist" (1973), and "All the President's Men" (1976) defined a new era for the studio. They were critically acclaimed, commercially successful, and culturally significant. The unconventional acquisition by a parking lot company had paid off, transforming a struggling studio into a powerhouse of the New Hollywood.
Why was Kinney National Services considered an "unlikely savior" for the struggling Warner Bros. studio in the late 1960s?
What was the core principle of the conglomerate business model that made Kinney's acquisition of Warner Bros. strategically sound?
