Rosatom's core business is its end-to-end involvement in nuclear energy. The company manages every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle, from digging uranium ore out of the ground to operating the power plants that use it. This integrated model gives them control over the entire supply chain.

It starts with uranium mining. Rosatom is a global leader in uranium reserves and extraction. Once mined, the uranium ore is processed and converted into a form suitable for the next step: enrichment. This process increases the concentration of the useful uranium isotope, U-235, making it capable of sustaining a nuclear reaction.

The enriched uranium is then used in fuel fabrication. It's formed into small ceramic pellets, which are stacked into long metal tubes called fuel rods. These rods are bundled together to create fuel assemblies, the heart of a nuclear reactor.

Rosatom also handles the heavy lifting of engineering and equipment manufacturing. They design and build all the complex components needed for a nuclear power plant (NPP), from the reactor vessel itself to the turbines and generators that produce electricity.

Finally, the company has extensive experience in NPP operations. They build and manage nuclear power plants around the world, providing a steady supply of clean, reliable energy.

While large-scale power generation is their main focus, Rosatom applies its nuclear expertise to several other high-tech fields. One key area is the design and construction of research reactors.

In the field of nuclear medicine, Rosatom produces a wide range of isotopes used for diagnosing and treating diseases, particularly cancer. These medical isotopes are created in reactors and cyclotrons and are essential for modern healthcare.

Another unique and strategic asset is Rosatom's nuclear icebreaker fleet. These powerful ships are the only ones in the world capable of navigating the icy waters of the Arctic year-round, ensuring safe passage for shipping along the Northern Sea Route.

Rosatom is also diversifying beyond its traditional nuclear portfolio. Recognizing the global shift towards renewable energy, the company has made significant investments in wind energy. They manufacture wind turbine components and develop entire wind farms, contributing to a cleaner energy mix.

On the technology front, the company has developed a suite of digital products. These range from complex engineering modeling software to digital solutions for managing smart cities and ensuring cybersecurity for industrial facilities. This leverages their experience in managing highly complex and secure nuclear operations.

Rosatom's portfolio is a blend of its foundational nuclear expertise and strategic expansion into related high-tech and energy sectors.