When we build systems to protect information, we need a reliable compass. In security, that compass has traditionally been the CIA Triad: Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. However, modern security landscape demands a more expansive view, leading to the creation of the Parkerian Hexad. This model adds three extra elements to the mix to cover the gaps of the classic triad.

To truly master security design, we must look at the six elements of the Parkerian Hexad:

• Confidentiality: Preventing unauthorized access to information.
• Integrity: Ensuring information is accurate and unaltered.
• Availability: Making sure authorized users can access information when needed.
• Possession: The physical or digital holding and control of data, separate from who can read it.
• Authenticity: Verifying that data or a transaction is genuine and from the claimed source.
• Utility: The usefulness of the data, which can be lost even if confidentiality and integrity remain intact.